ef[h Wj_edi" Y^[c_YWbi Xki_d[ii[i WdZ Z_ijh_Xk# ½Iec[ eh]Wd_p Wj_edi ][j Wbceij de l Wbk[ \hec
j_ed ekjb[ji$ ?J" WdZ ej^[hi ][j W bej ¼ WdZ m^[d oek Wl[h W][
9edikc[h ]eeZi b[WZ[hi FheYjeh =WcXb[ _j Wbb ekj" _j Yec[i ekj je X[ dej ie ckY^"¾ iWoi
9e$ WdZ 7d^[ki[h#8kiY^ 9ecfWd_[i ?dY$ ^Wl[ @[Wdd[ =$ >Whh_i" Z_h[Yjeh e\ h[i[WhY^ Wj 7YY[d#
W bed] ^_ijeho e\ f_ed[[h_d] Wd Wboj_YWb ie\j# jkh[Ài ?dij_jkj[ \eh >_]^ F[h\ehcWd Y[ 8ki_d[ii
m Wh[ WdZ Z Wj W c_d_d] je jh W Ya WdZ WZ`kij i Wb[i WdZ Wkj^eh e\ 9ecf[j_d] ed 7d Wboj_ Yi0 J^[ D[m
WdZ fhecej_edi _d h[b Wj_l[ h[ Wb j_c[" WdZ j^[o I Y_[d Y[ e\ M_dd_d]" m^e j Wa[i _iik[ m_j^ 9 Whh Ài
Yedj_dk[ je fki^ j^[ [dl[bef[$ 7j F =" j^[ Wii[hj_ed j^Wj ?J ^Wi X[Yec[ W YecceZ_jo" WdZ
d Wj_edÀi b Wh][ij c Wa[h e\ ^eki[^ebZ WdZ f[h# m_j^ ^_i Wd Wbe]o X[jm[[d ?J WdZ [b[Yjh_Y kj_b_j_[i$
ied Wb fheZk Yji" m_j^ ceh[ j^ Wd ,. X_bb_ed _d ½?\ ?J m[h[ W YecceZ_jo" j^[d Wb\ e\ Wbb ?J
(&&, h[l[dk[" 9?E F^_b_ffe FWii[h_d_ _i ie Yec# fhe`[ Yji mekb ZdÀj \ W_b"¾ i^[ dej[i" h[\[hh_d] je
c_jj[Z je j^[ YecfWdoÀi WdWboj_YWb Wffb_YWj_edi e\j#Y_j[Z h[fehji ikY^ Wi j^[ IjWdZ_i^ =hekfÀi
j^Wj ^[ h[Y[djbo cel[Z j^[ ceij WZlWdY[Z WdZ Y^Wei ijkZo" m^_Y^ i^em ^em \h[gk[djbo ie\j#
ief^_ij_YWj[Z WdWboiji \hec j^[ ef[hWj_d] kd_ji mWh[ WdZ ej^[h ?J fhe`[Yji Yec[ _d bWj[" el[h
±4HE CONFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IS A KEY INNOVATION
ELEMENT AND SOMETHING WE COMPETE ON ²
° 4IM 3TANLEY #)/ (ARRAH´S %NTERTAINMENT )NC
_dje W Y[djh Wb eh]Wd_p Wj_ed h[fehj_d] je ^_c$ XkZ][j eh i_cfbo ZedÀj ik YY[[Z$ ½ 9[hj W_dbo" ^Wb\
J^[ h[eh]Wd_p Wj_ed _i Z[i_]d[Z je [dikh[ j^Wj e\ Wbb [b[ Yjh_Y ekjb[ji oek fbk] _dje ZedÀj \W_b$¾
j^[ X[ij Wd Wboj_YWb ia_bbi Wh[ Wffb_[Z je j^[ ceij >Whh_i" ^em[l[h" Yh[Z_ji 9Whh Ài [ii Wo m_j^
ijh Wj[]_Y fheXb[ci$ ^[bf_d] je h[\e Yki c Wd W][c[dj ed ?JÀi ijh W#
7d^[ki[h#8ki Y^" j^[ d Wj_edÀi b Wh][ij Xh[m[h" j[]_ Y heb[$ ½F[hied Wbbo" j^_da _j m Wi j^[ X[ij
h[Y[djbo WZZ[Z ceX_b[ j[Y^debe]o je _ji 8kZD[j j^_d] j^Wj YekbZ ^Wl[ ^Wff[d[Z je j^[ ?J \_[bZ"
ioij[c" Wbbem_d] Yecf Wdo#emd[Z WdZ _dZ[# X[ YWki[ _j h[_]d_j[Z Z[X Wj[ WXekj j^[ heb[ e\
f[dZ[dj Z_ijh_Xkjehi je ki[ ^WdZ^[bZ Z[l_Y[i ?J m_j^_d j^[ Xki_d[ii eh]Wd_p Wj_ed"¾ i^[ i Woi$
je kfZWj[ i Wb[i WdZ _dl[djeho ZWj W" fhel_Z_d] ½?j ]ej f[efb[ j Wba_d] WXekj ?J WdZ \e Yki[Z ed
X[jj[h _di_]^j _dje _ji Z_ijh_Xkj_ed Y^W_d WdZ m^Wj h[Wbbo c Wjj[hi$¾
^[bf_d] iWb[i ]hem" YecfWh[Z m_j^ \bWj eh Z[Yb_d#
_d] iWb[i Wj iec[ Yecf[j_jehi$
Fhe\[ii_ed Wb ifehji j[Wci" _d YbkZ_d] XWi[# INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
XWbbÀi EWab WdZ 7j^b[j_Yi WdZ 8eijed H[Z Ien" J^ek]^ Z[XWj[ h W][Z \eh cedj^i W\j[h j^[ (&&)
Wh[ \Wceki \eh Wffbo_d] ief^_ij_YWj[Z ZWj W Wd Wb# fkXb_YWj_ed e\ 9WhhÀi [ii Wo" j^[h[Ài b_jjb[ ZekXj
oi_i je h[cW_d Yecf[j_j_l[ W]W_dij j^[ h_lWb D[m dem j^Wj 9WhhÀi \kdZWc[djWb fh[c_i[ WXekj j^[
Oeha OWda[[i" m^e if[dZ c_bb_edi e\ Zebb Whi h_i[ e\ j^[ kj_b_jo#b_a[ Z[b_l[ho e\ ?J i[hl_Y[i el[h
ceh[ [WY^ o[Wh ed fb Wo[h i Wb Wh_[i$ j^[ ?dj[hd[j ¼ m^_Y^ ^Wi j Wa[d e\\ \eh [l[ho#
;l[d j^[ Y[c[dj Xki_d[ii" Wced] j^[ ceij j^_d] \hec ijeh W][ WdZ i[Ykh_jo je ed Y[#ijh Wj[]_ Y
fheiW_Y WdZ ded#WdWboj_YWb e\ _dZkijh_[i" _dYbkZ[i Wffb_YWj_edi ikY^ Wi ;HF WdZ 9HC ¼ mWi ifej
W Yecf Wdo ¼ C[n_ YeÀi 9[c[n ¼ j^ Wj ki[i ?J je ed$ H[i[Wh Y^ \_hc =Whjd[h ?d Y$ fh[Z_ Yji ^eij[Z
] W_d W b[] kf ed Yecf[j_jehi$ Wffb_ YWj_edi ademd Wi ½Ie\jm Wh[ Wi W I[hl_ Y[¾ m_bb
M^[j^[h Xk_bZ_d] ed _dZkijho Zec_dWdY[ WYYekdj \eh (+ f[hY[dj e\ d[m Xki_d[ii ie\jmWh[
eh Y^Wbb[d]_d] [djh[dY^[Z b[WZ[hi^_f" Wbb j^[i[ Z[fbeo[Z Xo (&''$
Yecf Wd_[i m_[bZ _d\ehc Wj_ed j[ Y^debe]o ½Ceh[ WdZ ceh[ XWi_Y ?J i[hl_Y[i ´ h[Wbbo
Wi W Yecf[j_j_l[ m[Wfed je a[[f eh ]W_d beea b_a[ kj_b_j_[i ikffb_[Z el[h j^[ ?dj[hd[j"¾
j^[_h [Z][$ 9Whh eXi[hl[i$ ½7dZ Xo Z[\_d_j_ed" W kj_b_jo" [l[d
J^ek]^ 9 Whh Ài e Xi[h l Wj_ed j^ Wj ?J _d\h W# j^ek]^ _j YWd X[ [njh[c[bo _cfehj Wdj" _idÀj ]e_d]
ijhk Yjkh[ ^Wi X[Yec[ YecceZ_j_p[Z c Wo X[ je fhel_Z[ oek m_j^ W Yecf[j_j_l[ WZlWdj W][
WYYkhWj[ _d W]]h[]Wj[" Yh_j_Yi iWo ^_i Wh]kc[dj X[YWki[ j^[ m^eb[ _Z[W _i j^Wj _jÀi X[_d] e\\[h[Z
j^ Wj j[ Y^debe]o _i de bed][h W iekh Y[ e\ Yec# je [l[hoXeZo$¾
f[j_j_l[ WZlWdjW][ _i Wd el[hi_cfb_\_YWj_ed j^Wj >_i el[hWbb eXi[hlWj_edi cWo X[ iekdZ"
Ze[idÀj \ W Yjeh _d j^[ _cfb[c[dj Wj_ed e\ ?J Wj o[j 9 Whh Ài WZl_ Y[ Ze[idÀj j Wa[ _dje W Y Yekdj j^[
j^[ eh]Wd_p Wj_ed b[l[b$ dkcX[h e\ _dZ_l_Zk Wb Yecf Wd_[i j^ Wj Wh[ ij_bb
